Short update: I have merged the two pull requests from Steffen Neumann and Björn Grüning into the repository and then made some minor corrections. LANGUAGE C (case insensitive but without the '') solves the one problem, replacing int4 with int32 the other. Actually this was no gcc issue, but the PostgreSQL guys have apparently decided to remove int4 as an PostgreSQL internal datatype from 9.2 to 9.3.
I had always wondered why there were so many duplicate but internally identical (e.g. int4 (number of bytes) and int32 (number of bits)) datatypes anyway. Probably some legacy...
Also, pgchem_tigress can now be installed as an relocatable extension with the CREATE EXTENSION mechanism. No need to run various installation scripts anymore (but still supported).